Herbivorous insects use diverse feeding strategies to obtain nutrients from their host plants. Rather than acting as passive victims in these interactions, plants respond to herbivory with the production of toxins and defensive proteins that target physiological processes in the insect. Herbivore-challenged plants also emit volatiles that attract insect predators and bolster resistance to future threats. This highly dynamic form of immunity is initiated by the recognition of insect oral secretions and signals from injured plant cells. These initial cues are transmitted within the plant by signal transduction pathways that include calcium ion fluxes, phosphorylation cascades, and, in particular, the jasmonate pathway, which plays a central and conserved role in promoting resistance to a broad spectrum of insects. A detailed understanding of plant immunity to arthropod herbivores will provide new insights into basic mechanisms of chemical communication and plant-animal coevolution and may also facilitate new approaches to crop protection and improvement.

中文翻译：

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植物对昆虫食草动物的免疫力

食草昆虫使用不同的取食策略从寄主植物中获取营养。植物不是在这些相互作用中充当被动的受害者，而是通过产生针对昆虫生理过程的毒素和防御性蛋白质来应对食草动物。受食草动物挑战的植物也会释放挥发物，吸引昆虫捕食者并增强对未来威胁的抵抗力。这种高度动态的免疫形式是通过识别昆虫口腔分泌物和来自受损植物细胞的信号而启动的。这些最初的线索通过信号转导通路在植物内传递，包括钙离子通量、磷酸化级联，特别是茉莉酸通路，它在促进对广谱昆虫的抗性方面发挥着核心和保守的作用。