Leaves and stems are ultimately derived from the shoot apical meristem (SAM); leaves arise from the peripheral zone of the SAM and stem tissue is derived from both the peripheral and central zones of the SAM. Both the peripheral and central regions of the SAM are formed during embryogenesis when the basic body plan of the plant is established. Interplay between points of maximal concentration of auxin and specific patterns of transcription of both auxin-responsive transcription factors and other patterning genes subdivide the embryo along both the apical-basal and central-peripheral axes. Differential gene expression along these axes leads to the differentiation of tissues, lateral organs, meristems, and boundary regions, each with varying responsiveness to auxin. Subsequent shoot growth and development is a reiteration of basic patterning processes established during embryogenesis.

中文翻译：

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种子植物芽的图案和极性

叶和茎最终来自茎尖分生组织（SAM）；叶子来自 SAM 的外围区域，茎组织来自 SAM 的外围和中心区域。当植物的基本身体计划建立时，SAM 的外围和中心区域都是在胚胎发生过程中形成的。生长素最大浓度点与生长素响应转录因子和其他模式基因的特定转录模式之间的相互作用沿着顶端-基底轴和中心-外周轴细分胚胎。沿着这些轴的差异基因表达导致组织、侧器官、分生组织和边界区域的分化，每个区域对生长素的反应不同。