The incidences of both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus are rising at epidemic proportions. Despite this, the balance between caloric intake and expenditure is tremendously accurate under most circumstances. Growing evidence suggests that nutrient and hormonal signals converge and directly act on brain centers, leading to changes in fuel metabolism and, thus, stable body weight over time. Growing evidence also suggests that these same signals act on the central nervous system (CNS) to regulate glucose metabolism independently. We propose that this is not coincidental and that the CNS responds to peripheral signals to orchestrate changes in both energy and glucose homeostasis. In this way the CNS ensures that the nutrient demands of peripheral tissues (and likely of the brain itself) are being met. Consequently, dysfunction of the ability of the CNS to integrate fuel-sensing signals may underlie the etiology of metabolic diseases such as obesity and diabetes.

中文翻译：

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CNS燃料传感机制在能量平衡和葡萄糖调节中的综合作用。

肥胖和2型糖尿病的发病率均以流行比例上升。尽管如此，在大多数情况下，热量摄入和支出之间的平衡还是非常准确的。越来越多的证据表明，营养和激素信号会聚并直接作用于大脑中枢，从而导致燃料代谢发生变化，从而使体重随时间稳定。越来越多的证据还表明，这些相同的信号作用于中枢神经系统（CNS），以独立调节葡萄糖代谢。我们提出这不是巧合，CNS响应外围信号以协调能量和葡萄糖稳态的变化。这样，CNS可以确保满足周围组织（以及可能是大脑本身）的营养需求。所以，