The concept of a regulatory link between the gastrointestinal tract and kidneys is not new. The idea that dietary intake and composition can affect renal function is perhaps self-evident, but defining this relationship, especially in terms of sensors and effectors, is proving more difficult. That the gastrointestinal tract can exert some control over renal function was strengthened by the early observation that oral ingestion of a sodium chloride load has a greater natriuretic effect than when the same amount is given intravenously. This effect was subsequently shown to be independent of changes in aldosterone and atrial natriuretic peptide, although not necessarily angiotensin-II. However, the nature of any intestinal natriuretic peptide remains uncertain, despite suggestions that various gut-derived hormones, including guanylin and uroguanylin, may be involved. There is also an emerging concept of gastrointestinal taste and taste-like receptor mechanisms present throughout the gastrointestinal tract, which may govern the excretion of other key electrolytes, including potassium and phosphate. The evidence for gut sensors of nutrients such as proteins, amino acids, glucose, and acid is now becoming more established. Thus, we can anticipate the existence and eventual characterization of several gut ion sensors.

中文翻译：

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胃肠道对肾功能的调节：肠源肽和激素的潜在作用。

胃肠道和肾脏之间的调节联系的概念并不新鲜。饮食摄入量和成分会影响肾功能的想法可能是不言而喻的，但要确定这种关系，尤其是在传感器和效应器方面，就更加困难了。早期观察到，口服氯化钠负荷量比静脉给予相同量的钠尿作用更大，从而增强了胃肠道对肾脏功能的控制能力。随后证实该作用与醛固酮和心钠素的变化无关，尽管不一定是血管紧张素-II。但是，尽管有人提出各种肠源性激素，包括鸟苷和尿鸟苷，可能涉及。胃肠道中也出现了新出现的胃肠道味和类似味觉的受体机制，这可能控制其他关键电解质（包括钾和磷酸盐）的排泄。如今，对于营养物质（如蛋白质，氨基酸，葡萄糖和酸）的肠道传感器的证据越来越多。因此，我们可以预期到几种肠道离子传感器的存在和最终表征。