The increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide has imparted renewed impetus to the study of the mechanisms of appetite regulation. Digestion and nutrient absorption take place in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, whereas food intake is controlled by neuronal circuits in the central nervous system. The need for gut-brain cross talk is therefore clear. It is now recognized that hormones released into the circulation from the GI tract in response to nutritional stimuli form a key component of this gut-brain axis. Peptides such as glucagon-like peptide-1, oxyntomodulin, pancreatic polypeptide, and peptide YY3-36 reduce food intake in both animal models and in humans. Physiologically, such peptides are thought to act as satiety signals and meal terminators. Here, we review the current state of the field of the effects of gut hormone action on appetite control.

中文翻译：

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胃肠道饱腹感信号。

世界范围内肥胖症的日益流行为食欲调节机制的研究提供了新的动力。消化和营养吸收发生在胃肠 (GI) 道中，而食物摄入由中枢神经系统中的神经元回路控制。因此，肠脑串扰的必要性是显而易见的。现在已经认识到，响应营养刺激从胃肠道释放到循环中的激素形成了这种肠-脑轴的关键组成部分。胰高血糖素样肽-1、胃泌酸调节素、胰多肽和肽 YY3-36 等肽可减少动物模型和人类的食物摄入量。从生理上讲，这些肽被认为是饱腹感信号和进餐终止剂。这里，