We propose that four fundamental developments of the human animal together produce distinct human motives: (a) social consciousness or awareness that the outcomes or significance of a person's action (self or other) depend upon how another person (self or other) reacts to it; (b) recognizing that people's inner states can mediate their outward behaviors; (c) relating the present to both the past and the future (mental time travel); and (d) sharing reality with other people. We review a typology of four categories of concern for these motivational developments: thoughts, feelings/attitudes, competencies, and reference values (goals and standards). We then review the recent research on three specific areas related to these motivational concerns: imagining future-self inner states, managing how others comprehend us, and sharing knowledge about the world.

中文翻译：

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人类的动机：理解，管理和分享内部状态。

我们建议人类动物的四个基本发展共同产生不同的人类动机：（a）社会意识或意识，即一个人（自己或他人）的行为的结果或重要性取决于另一个人（自己或他人）对它的反应; （b）认识到人们的内心状态可以调解他们的外在行为；（c）将现在与过去和未来（精神时光旅行）联系起来；（d）与他人分享现实。我们对这些动机发展的关注类别分为四个类别：思想，感觉/态度，能力和参考价值（目标和标准）。然后，我们回顾与这些动机问题相关的三个特定领域的最新研究：想象未来自我的内在状态，管理他人如何理解我们，