During the establishment phase of a biological invasion, population dynamics are strongly influenced by Allee effects and stochastic dynamics, both of which may lead to extinction of low-density populations. Allee effects refer to a decline in population growth rate with a decline in abundance and can arise from various mechanisms. Strategies to eradicate newly established populations should focus on either enhancing Allee effects or suppressing populations below Allee thresholds, such that extinction proceeds without further intervention. The spread phase of invasions results from the coupling of population growth with dispersal. Reaction-diffusion is the simplest form of spread, resulting in continuous expansion and asymptotically constant radial rates of spread. However, spread of most nonindigenous insects is characterized by occasional long-distance dispersal, which results in the formation of isolated colonies that grow, coalesce, and greatly increase spread. Allee effects also affect spread, generally in a negative fashion. Efforts to slow, stop, or reverse spread should incorporate the spread dynamics unique to the target species.

中文翻译：

---

昆虫入侵的种群生态学及其管理。

在生物入侵的建立阶段，种群动态受到Allee效应和随机动力学的强烈影响，这两者都可能导致低密度种群的灭绝。Allee效应是指人口增长率随着数量的下降而下降，并且可能由多种机制引起。消灭新近建立的种群的战略应侧重于增强Allee效应或将种群抑制在Allee阈值以下，以便在不进行进一步干预的情况下进行灭绝。入侵的扩散阶段是人口增长与扩散耦合的结果。反应扩散是扩散的最简单形式，可导致连续扩散和渐近恒定的径向扩散率。然而，大多数非本地昆虫的传播特征是偶尔的远距离传播，这导致形成孤立的菌落，这些菌落生长，合并并大大增加传播。Allee效应也通常以负面的方式影响传播。减慢，停止或逆向传播的努力应纳入目标物种特有的传播动态。