Spiders have been incriminated as causes of human suffering for centuries, but few species worldwide cause medically significant envenomation. Widow spiders (Latrodectus spp.) occur worldwide and cause latrodectism, which is characterized by pain (local and generalized) associated with nonspecific systemic effects, diaphoresis, and less commonly other autonomic and neurological effects. Recluse spiders (Loxosceles spp.) are distributed mostly through the tropical and subtropical Western Hemisphere and can cause severe skin lesions and rarely systemic effects; most bites are unremarkable. Highly dangerous spiders in South America (armed spiders) and Australia (funnel-web spiders) cause rare but severe envenomation requiring medical intervention and sometimes antivenom. Most other spiders involved in verified bites cause minor, transient effects. Many spiders blamed for causing medical mischief have been elevated to medical significance via circumstantial evidence, poor reporting, and repetitive citation in the literature; several species have been shown to be harmless with more stringent scientific evidence involving verified bites in humans.

中文翻译：

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蜘蛛咬伤的医学方面。

几个世纪以来，蜘蛛一直被认为是造成人类痛苦的原因，但全世界很少有物种引起医学上的重大破坏。寡妇蜘蛛（Latrodectus spp。）遍及世界各地，并引起latectectism，其特点是疼痛（局部和全身性）与非特异性全身作用，发汗和较少的其他植物神经系统作用有关。隐士蜘蛛（Loxosceles spp。）主要分布在热带和亚热带的西半球，会引起严重的皮肤损伤，很少引起全身性影响。大多数叮咬并不明显。南美（武装蜘蛛）和澳大利亚（漏斗网蜘蛛）中的高度危险蜘蛛会引起罕见但严重的毒化，需要医疗干预，有时还需要抗蛇毒血清。参与验证咬伤的大多数其他蜘蛛会产生较小的瞬时影响。通过间接证据，报道不力和重复引用文献，许多被认为是造成医学恶作剧的蜘蛛已被提升为医学意义。一些更严格的科学证据已证实对人类的叮咬已证明几种物种无害。