People make social inferences without intentions, awareness, or effort, i.e., spontaneously. We review recent findings on spontaneous social inferences (especially traits, goals, and causes) and closely related phenomena. We then describe current thinking on some of the most relevant processes, implicit knowledge, and theories. These include automatic and controlled processes and their interplay; embodied cognition, including mimicry; and associative versus rule-based processes. Implicit knowledge includes adult folk theories, conditions of personhood, self-knowledge to simulate others, and cultural and social class differences. Implicit theories concern Bayesian networks, recent attribution research, and questions about the utility of the disposition-situation dichotomy. Developmental research provides new insights. Spontaneous social inferences include a growing array of phenomena, but they have been insufficiently linked to other phenomena and theories. We hope the links suggested in this review begin to remedy this.

中文翻译：

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自发推论，隐含印象和隐含理论。

人们没有自发地进行意图，意识或努力的社会推断。我们回顾了有关自发社会推理（尤其是特质，目标和原因）和密切相关现象的最新发现。然后，我们描述一些最相关的过程，隐性知识和理论的当前思想。这些包括自动和受控过程及其相互影响；体现的认知，包括模仿；以及基于规则的关联流程。内隐知识包括成人民间理论，人格条件，模仿他人的自我知识以及文化和社会阶级差异。隐式理论涉及贝叶斯网络，最近的归因研究以及关于处置-情境二分法效用的问题。发展研究提供了新的见解。自发的社会推论包括越来越多的现象，但是它们与其他现象和理论之间的联系不足。我们希望这篇评论中建议的链接能够对此进行补救。