A theoretical analysis of schizophrenia based on a cognitive model integrates the complex interaction of predisposing neurobiological, environmental, cognitive, and behavioral factors with the diverse symptomatology. The impaired integrative function of the brain, as well as the domain-specific cognitive deficits, increases the vulnerability to aversive life experiences, which lead to dysfunctional beliefs and behaviors. Symptoms of disorganization result not only from specific neurocognitive deficits but also from the relative paucity of resources available for maintaining a set, adhering to rules of communication, and inhibiting intrusion of inappropriate ideas. Delusions are analyzed in terms of the interplay between active cognitive biases, such as external attributions, and resource-sparing strategies such as jumping to conclusions. Similarly, the content of hallucinations and the delusions regarding their origin and characteristics may be understood in terms of biased information processing. The interaction of neurocognitive deficits, personality, and life events leads to the negative symptoms characterized by negative social and performance beliefs, low expectancies for pleasure and success, and a resource-sparing strategy to conserve limited psychological resources. The comprehensive conceptualization creates the context for targeted psychological treatments.

中文翻译：

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精神分裂症的认知方法：理论与治疗。

基于认知模型的精神分裂症的理论分析将易患的神经生物学，环境，认知和行为因素与多种症状的复杂相互作用整合在一起。大脑的整合功能受损，以及特定领域的认知缺陷，增加了厌恶性生活经历的脆弱性，从而导致功能失常的信念和行为。混乱的症状不仅是由于特定的神经认知缺陷引起的，而且还由于相对缺乏资源可用于维持一套，遵守交流规则并抑制不当想法的入侵。从积极的认知偏差（例如外部归因）与节省资源的策略（例如得出结论）之间的相互作用来分析妄想。同样，幻觉的内容以及关于其起源和特征的妄想可以通过偏向信息处理来理解。神经认知缺陷，人格和生活事件的相互作用导致负面症状，其特征在于负面的社会和行为信念，对娱乐和成功的低期望以及节省资源的策略以节省有限的心理资源。全面的概念化为有针对性的心理治疗创造了环境。对娱乐和成功的期望低，以及节省资源的策略资源以节省有限的心理资源。全面的概念化为有针对性的心理治疗创造了环境。对娱乐和成功的期望低，以及节省资源的策略资源以节省有限的心理资源。全面的概念化为有针对性的心理治疗创造了环境。