This review discusses neurobiological and psychosocial factors associated with stress-induced depression and compares these factors with those believed to characterize stress resilience. Neurobiological factors that are discussed and contrasted include serotonin, the 5-HT1A receptor, polymorphisms of the 5-HT transporter gene, norepinephrine, alpha-2 adrenergic receptors, neuropeptide Y, polymorphisms of the alpha-2 adrenergic gene, dopamine, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), cortisol, and CRH receptors. These factors are described in the context of brain regions believed to be involved in stress, depression, and resilience to stress. Psychosocial factors associated with depression and/or stress resilience include positive emotions and optimism, humor, cognitive flexibility, cognitive explanatory style and reappraisal, acceptance, religion/spirituality, altruism, social support, role models, coping style, exercise, capacity to recover from negative events, and stress inoculation. The review concludes with potential psychological, social, spiritual, and neurobiological approaches to enhancing stress resilience, decreasing the likelihood of developing stress-induced depression/anxiety, and treating stress-induced psychopathology.

中文翻译：

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抑郁症的心理生物学和对压力的适应力：对预防和治疗的意义。

这篇综述讨论了与压力引起的抑郁症相关的神经生物学和社会心理因素，并将这些因素与认为具有压力弹性的因素进行了比较。讨论和对比的神经生物学因素包括5-羟色胺，5-HT1A受体，5-HT转运蛋白基因多态性，去甲肾上腺素，α-2肾上腺素能受体，神经肽Y，α-2肾上腺素能基因多态性，多巴胺，促肾上腺皮质激素释放激素（CRH），脱氢表雄酮（DHEA），皮质醇和CRH受体。这些因素是在人们认为与压力，抑郁和弹性适应有关的大脑区域中描述的。与抑郁和/或压力适应能力相关的社会心理因素包括积极的情绪和乐观情绪，幽默感，认知灵活性，认知解释风格和重新评估，接受，宗教/精神，利他主义，社会支持，榜样，应对方式，锻炼，从负面事件中恢复的能力以及压力接种。审查总结了潜在的心理，社会，精神和神经生物学方法，以增强压力适应能力，降低发生压力诱发的抑郁/焦虑症的可能性以及治疗压力诱发的心理病理学。