Many factors affect the development and application of diagnostic techniques. Plant viruses are an inherently diverse group that, unlike cellular pathogens, possess no nucleotide sequence type (e.g., ribosomal RNA sequences) in common. Detection of plant viruses is becoming more challenging as globalization of trade, particularly in ornamentals, and the potential effects of climate change enhance the movement of viruses and their vectors, transforming the diagnostic landscape. Techniques for assessing seed, other propagation materials and field samples for the presence of specific viruses include biological indexing, electron microscopy, antibody-based detection, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and microarray detection. Of these, microarray detection provides the greatest capability for parallel yet specific testing, and can be used to detect individual, or combinations of viruses and, using current approaches, to do so with a sensitivity comparable to ELISA. Methods based on PCR provide the greatest sensitivity among the listed techniques but are limited in parallel detection capability even in "multiplexed" applications. Various aspects of microarray technology, including probe development, array fabrication, assay target preparation, hybridization, washing, scanning, and interpretation are presented and discussed, for both current and developing technology.

中文翻译：

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用于快速鉴定植物病毒的微阵列。

许多因素影响诊断技术的发展和应用。植物病毒是天生的多样性群体，与细胞病原体不同，它们不共有核苷酸序列类型（例如，核糖体RNA序列）。随着贸易的全球化，尤其是观赏植物贸易的全球化，植物病毒的检测正变得越来越具有挑战性，而气候变化的潜在影响增强了病毒及其载体的移动，从而改变了诊断格局。评估种子，其他繁殖材料和田间样品中是否存在特定病毒的技术包括生物索引，电子显微镜，基于抗体的检测，包括酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），聚合酶链反应（PCR）和微阵列检测。这些，微阵列检测为并行但特异性的检测提供了最大的能力，可用于检测病毒的单个或组合，并使用当前方法以与ELISA相当的灵敏度进行检测。基于PCR的方法在所列技术中具有最高的灵敏度，但即使在“多路”应用中，并行检测能力也受到限制。本文介绍和讨论了微阵列技术的各个方面，包括探针开发，阵列制造，测定靶标的制备，杂交，清洗，扫描和解释，包括当前技术和正在开发的技术。基于PCR的方法在所列技术中具有最高的灵敏度，但即使在“多路”应用中，并行检测能力也受到限制。本文介绍和讨论了微阵列技术的各个方面，包括探针开发，阵列制造，测定靶标的制备，杂交，清洗，扫描和解释，包括当前技术和正在开发的技术。基于PCR的方法在所列技术中具有最高的灵敏度，但即使在“多路”应用中，并行检测能力也受到限制。本文介绍和讨论了微阵列技术的各个方面，包括探针开发，阵列制造，测定靶标的制备，杂交，清洗，扫描和解释，包括当前技术和正在开发的技术。