Evolutionary anthropological and ethnographic studies are used to develop a general conceptual framework for understanding prehistoric, historic, and contemporary variation in human lactation and complementary feeding patterns. Comparison of similarities and differences in human and nonhuman primate lactation biology suggests humans have evolved an unusually flexible strategy for feeding young. Several lines of indirect evidence are consistent with a hypothesis that complementary feeding evolved as a facultative strategy that provided a unique adaptation for resolving tradeoffs between maternal costs of lactation and risk of poor infant outcomes. This evolved flexibility may have been adaptive in the environments in which humans evolved, but it creates potential for mismatch between optimal and actual feeding practices in many contemporary populations.

中文翻译：

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婴幼儿喂养的演变：对当代公共卫生的影响。

进化人类学和人种学研究被用来发展一个总体的概念框架，以了解人类泌乳和补充喂养方式的史前，历史和当代变化。比较人类和非人类灵长类动物泌乳生物学的异同，表明人类已经进化出了一种异常灵活的喂养幼仔的策略。几种间接证据与以下假设相吻合：补充喂养是一种兼职策略，为解决母乳喂养成本与婴儿结局不良风险之间的折衷提供了独特的适应方法。这种进化的灵活性可能已经适应了人类进化的环境，