The placebo effect has evolved from being thought of as a nuisance in clinical and pharmacological research to a biological phenomenon worthy of scientific investigation in its own right. It is now clear that the term placebo effect is too restrictive and, in fact, many placebo-related effects have recently been investigated. A placebo effect differs from a placebo-like effect in that the former follows the administration of a placebo, whereas in the latter no placebo is administered. However, in both cases, the psychosocial context around the treatment plays a key role. In recent years, placebo and placebo-related effects have been analyzed with sophisticated biological tools that have uncovered specific mechanisms at both the biochemical and cellular level. This recent research has revealed that these psychosocial-induced biochemical changes in a patient's brain and body in turn may affect the course of a disease and the response to a therapy.

中文翻译：

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跨疾病和治疗的安慰剂和与安慰剂相关的作用机理。

安慰剂的作用已从被认为是对临床和药理学研究造成的滋扰演变为一种本身值得进行科学研究的生物学现象。现在很明显，术语安慰剂作用过于严格，实际上，最近已研究了许多与安慰剂有关的作用。安慰剂的作用不同于安慰剂样的作用，因为前者在服用安慰剂后，而后者没有服用安慰剂。但是，在这两种情况下，治疗前后的社会心理背景都起着关键作用。近年来，已经用复杂的生物学工具分析了安慰剂和安慰剂相关的作用，这些工​​具在生化和细胞水平上都揭示了特定的机制。