Semaphorin proteins, although initially characterized as repulsive neuronal guidance cues, are now appreciated as major contributors to morphogenesis and homeostasis for a wide range of tissue types. Semaphorin-mediated long- and short-range repulsive, and attractive, guidance has profound influences on cellular morphology. The diversity of semaphorin receptor complexes utilized by various semaphorin ligands, the ability of semaphorins themselves to serve as receptors, and the myriad of intracellular signaling components that comprise semaphorin signaling cascades all contribute to cell-type-specific responses to semaphorins. Analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying semaphorin function in neural and vascular systems provides insight into principles governing how this large protein family contributes to organogenesis, function, and disease.

中文翻译：

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信号量调节细胞形态。

尽管信号量蛋白最初被描述为排斥性神经元指导信号，但如今已被认为是多种组织类型的形态发生和稳态的主要贡献者。信号量介导的长程和短程排斥力以及诱人的指导对细胞形态具有深远的影响。各种信号量配体所利用的信号量受体复合物的多样性，信号量本身充当受体的能力以及构成信号量信号级联的无数细胞内信号传导成分均有助于细胞对信号量的特异性反应。对神经和血管系统中信号量功能基础的分子和细胞机制的分析提供了对管理该大蛋白家族如何促进器官发生，功能，