Data from protist genomes suggest that eukaryotes show enormous variability in their gene complements, especially of genes coding regulatory proteins. Overall counts of eukaryotic signaling proteins show weak nonlinear scaling with proteome size, but individual superfamilies of signaling domains might show vast expansions in certain protists. Alteration of domain architectural complexity of signaling proteins and repeated lineage-specific reshaping of architectures might have played a major role in the emergence of new signaling interactions in different eukaryotes. Lateral transfer of various signaling domains from bacteria or from hosts, in parasites such as apicomplexans, appears to also have played a major role in the origin of new functional networks. Lineage-specific expansion of regulatory proteins, particularly of transcription factors, has played a critical role in the adaptive radiation of different protist lineages. Comparative genomics allows objective reconstruction of the ancestral conditions and subsequent diversification of several regulatory systems involved in phosphorylation, cyclic nucleotide signaling, Ubiquitin conjugation, chromatin remodeling, and posttranscriptional gene silencing.

中文翻译：

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原生生物的比较基因组学：真核信号转导和基因调控进化的新见解。

来自原生生物基因组的数据表明，真核生物在其基因补体中表现出巨大的变异性，尤其是编码调节蛋白的基因。真核信号蛋白的总数显示蛋白质组大小的非线性缩放较弱，但信号域的单个超家族可能在某些蛋白质学家中显示出巨大的扩展。信号蛋白的域结构复杂性的改变和结构的谱系特异性重塑可能在不同真核生物中新信号相互作用的出现中发挥了重要作用。在寄生虫如apicomplexans中，细菌或宿主的各种信号传递域的横向转移似乎在新功能网络的起源中也发挥了重要作用。调节蛋白特别是转录因子的谱系特异性扩增，在不同的宗族血统的适应性辐射中发挥了关键作用。比较基因组学可以客观地重建祖先条件，并随后使涉及磷酸化，环核苷酸信号传导，泛素结合，染色质重塑和转录后基因沉默的几种调控系统多样化。