The mammary gland has a remarkable capacity to adapt to maternal deficiency or excess of iron, copper, and zinc and to homeostatically control milk concentrations of these essential nutrients. Similarly, it can regulate changes in concentrations of iron, copper, and zinc change during lactation. For iron, this regulation is achieved by transferrin receptor, DMT1, and ferroportin, whereas mammary gland copper metabolism is regulated by Ctr1, ATP7A, and ATP7B. Zinc homeostasis is complex, involving both zinc importers (Zip3) and zinc exporters (ZnT-1, ZnT-2, and ZnT-4). Both transcriptional and post-translational regulation can affect protein abundance and cellular localization of these transporters, finely orchestrating uptake, intracellular trafficking, and secretion of iron, copper, and zinc. The control of mammary gland uptake and milk secretion of iron, copper, and zinc protects both the mammary gland and the breast-fed infant against deficiency and excess of these nutrients.

中文翻译：

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微量元素在乳腺中的运输。

乳腺具有显着的能力来适应母体缺乏或过量的铁，铜和锌，并通过体内平衡控制这些必需营养素的牛奶浓度。同样，它可以调节哺乳期铁，铜和锌浓度变化。对于铁，此调节是通过运铁蛋白受体，DMT1和铁转运蛋白来实现的，而乳腺铜代谢则由Ctr1，ATP7A和ATP7B调节。锌稳态很复杂，涉及锌进口者（Zip3）和锌出口者（ZnT-1，ZnT-2和ZnT-4）。转录和翻译后调节都可以影响这些转运蛋白的蛋白质丰度和细胞定位，从而精心安排摄取，细胞内转运以及铁，铜和锌的分泌。