Although seed production has been moved to semiarid regions to escape seedborne pathogens, seedborne bacterial diseases continue to be problematic and cause significant economic losses worldwide. Infested seeds are responsible for the re-emergence of diseases of the past, movement of pathogens across international borders, or the introduction of diseases into new areas. Considerable attention has been paid to improving the sensitivity and selectivity of seed health assays by using techniques such as flow cytometry and the polymerase chain reaction. There has also been progress in understanding infection thresholds and how they influence seed sample size determination and ultimately the reliability of seed health testing. Disease development and dissemination of pathogens from contaminated seedlots can be predicted using formulas that take into account inoculum density and environmental pressures. In general, seeds infested with bacterial pathogens are distributed within a Poisson distribution. In a subset of contaminated seeds, bacteria are distributed in non-Gaussian distributions, e.g., a lognormal distribution.

中文翻译：

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种子传播细菌性疾病的流行病学和管理。

尽管种子生产已经转移到半干旱地区，以逃避种子传播的病原体，但种子传播的细菌性疾病仍然存在问题，并在全球范围内造成重大的经济损失。受感染的种子负责使过去的疾病重新出现，病原体越过国际边界或将疾病引入新地区。已经通过使用诸如流式细胞术和聚合酶链反应的技术来提高种子健康测定的灵敏度和选择性，已经引起了极大的关注。在理解感染阈值以及它们如何影响种子样本大小确定以及最终种子健康测试的可靠性方面也取得了进展。可以使用考虑到接种密度和环境压力的公式来预测疾病发展以及从受污染的种子田中传播病原体。通常，被细菌病原体侵染的种子分布在泊松分布内。在受污染种子的子集中，细菌以非高斯分布（例如对数正态分布）分布。