Production of industrial aromatic chemicals from renewable resources could provide a competitive alternative to traditional chemical synthesis routes. This review describes the engineering of microorganisms for the production of p-hydroxycinnamic acid (pHCA) and p-hydroxystyrene (pHS) from glucose. The initial process concept was demonstrated using a tyrosine-producing Escherichia coli strain that overexpressed both fungal phenylalanine/tyrosine ammonia lyase (PAL) and bacterial pHCA decarboxylase (pdc) genes. Further development of this bioprocess resulted in uncoupling the pHCA and pHS production steps to mitigate their toxicity to the production host. The final process consists of a fermentation step to convert glucose to tyrosine using a tyrosine-overproducing E. coli strain. This step is followed by a single biotransformation reaction to deaminate tyrosine to pHCA through immobilized E. coli cells that overexpress the Rhodotorula glutinis PAL gene. Finally, chemical decarboxylation of pHCA produces pHS. This multifaceted approach, which integrates biology, chemistry, and engineering, has allowed development of an economical process at scales suitable for industrial applications.

中文翻译：

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开发可再生资源生产工业芳烃的生物和化学结合工艺。

用可再生资源生产工业芳香族化学品可为传统化学合成路线提供竞争性替代方案。这篇综述描述了从葡萄糖生产对羟基肉桂酸（pHCA）和对羟基苯乙烯（pHS）的微生物工程。使用产生酪氨酸的大肠杆菌菌株证明了最初的工艺概念，该菌株过表达真菌苯丙氨酸/酪氨酸氨裂解酶（PAL）和细菌pHCA脱羧酶（pdc）基因。该生物工艺的进一步发展导致pHCA和pHS生产步骤解偶联，以减轻它们对生产宿主的毒性。最终过程包括发酵步骤，该步骤使用过量生产酪氨酸的大肠杆菌菌株将葡萄糖转化为酪氨酸。此步骤后是单个生物转化反应，通过过表达Rhodotorula glutinis PAL基因的固定化大肠杆菌细胞将酪氨酸脱氨成pHCA。最后，pHCA的化学脱羧产生pHS。这种综合了生物学，化学和工程学的多面手方法，使得可以开发适合工业应用规模的经济过程。