Gene-for-gene resistance in plants is based on the presence of a resistance (R) gene in the host and a matching Avirulence (Avr) gene in the pathogen. Many R genes have been cloned over the past two decades, mostly from the Solanaceae. The gene products, called R proteins, display modular domain structures. R protein function has recently been shown to require dynamic interactions between the various domains. In addition to these intramolecular interactions, R proteins interact with other proteins to form signaling complexes that are able to activate an innate immune response that arrests proliferation of the invading pathogen, thereby conferring disease resistance. In this review, we summarize current understanding of R protein structure and function, as well as the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of defense signaling processes. As well as being a rich source for R genes, Solanaceae are a leading model system in which to study inter- and intramolecular interactions of R proteins.

中文翻译：

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茄科植物抗性蛋白的结构和功能。

植物中的基因对基因抗性基于宿主中抗性（R）基因和病原体中匹配的无毒力（Avr）基因的存在。在过去的二十年中，已经克隆了许多R基因，其中大部分来自茄科。称为R蛋白的基因产物显示出模块化的结构域结构。最近显示R蛋白功能需要各个结构域之间的动态相互作用。除了这些分子内相互作用外，R蛋白还与其他蛋白相互作用形成信号复合物，这些信号复合物能够激活先天免疫应答，从而阻止入侵病原体的增殖，从而赋予疾病抵抗力。在这篇综述中，我们总结了当前对R蛋白结构和功能的理解，以及防御信号传导过程激活的分子机制。