Whereas the central nervous system (CNS) usually cannot regenerate, peripheral nerves regenerate spontaneously after injury because of a permissive environment and activation of the intrinsic growth capacity of neurons. Functional regeneration requires axon regrowth and remyelination of the regenerated axons by Schwann cells. Multiple factors including neurotrophic factors, extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, and hormones participate in Schwann cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, and remyelination. We describe the current understanding of peripheral axon regeneration and focus on the molecules and potential mechanisms involved in remyelination.

中文翻译：

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外围再生。

尽管中枢神经系统（CNS）通常无法再生，但由于环境允许和神经元固有生长能力的激活，周围神经在受伤后会自发地再生。功能性再生需要轴突再生和许旺细胞对再生轴突的再髓鞘再生。包括神经营养因子，细胞外基质（ECM）蛋白和激素在内的多种因素参与了施旺细胞的去分化，增殖和髓鞘再生。我们描述了对周围轴突再生的当前了解，并着重于参与髓鞘再生的分子和潜在机制。