Autophagy is a process of cellular "self-eating" in which portions of cytoplasm are sequestered within double-membrane cytosolic vesicles termed autophagosomes. The autophagosome cargo is delivered to the lysosome, broken down, and the resulting amino acids recycled after release back into the cytosol. Autophagy occurs in all eukaryotes and can be up-regulated in response to various nutrient limitations. Under these conditions, autophagy may become essential for viability. In addition, autophagy plays a role in certain diseases, acting to prevent some types of neurodegeneration and cancer, and in the elimination of invading pathogens. We review the current information on the mechanism of autophagy, with a focus on its role in protein metabolism and intracellular homeostasis.

中文翻译：

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通过自噬的蛋白质更新：对代谢的影响。

自噬是细胞“自食”的过程，其中部分细胞质被隔离在被称为自噬体的双膜细胞质囊泡中。自噬体货物被递送至溶酶体，分解，所得的氨基酸释放回细胞质后被回收利用。自噬发生在所有真核生物中，并且可以响应各种营养限制而被上调。在这些条件下，自噬可能对生存能力至关重要。此外，自噬在某些疾病中也起一定作用，可预防某些类型的神经退行性疾病和癌症，并消除入侵的病原体。我们回顾了有关自噬机制的当前信息，重点是它在蛋白质代谢和细胞内稳态中的作用。