Tyrosyl phosphorylation plays a critical role in multiple signaling pathways regulating innate and acquired immunity. Although tyrosyl phosphorylation is a reversible process, we know much more about the functions of protein-tyrosine kinases (PTKs) than about protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Genome sequencing efforts have revealed a large and diverse superfamily of PTPs, which can be subdivided into receptor-like (RPTPs) and nonreceptor (NRPTPs). The role of the RPTP CD45 in immune cell signaling is well known, but those of most other PTPs remain poorly understood. Here, we review the mechanism of action, regulation, and physiological functions of NRPTPs in immune cell signaling. Such an analysis indicates that PTPs are as important as PTKs in regulating the immune system.

中文翻译：

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免疫细胞信号传导中的非受体蛋白酪氨酸磷酸酶。

酪氨酰磷酸化在调节先天和获得性免疫的多种信号通路中起着关键作用。尽管酪氨酰磷酸化是一个可逆的过程，但我们对蛋白质酪氨酸激酶（PTKs）的功能比对蛋白质酪氨酸磷酸酶（PTPs）更为了解。基因组测序工作揭示了PTP的一个庞大而多样的超家族，可以分为受体样（RPTP）和非受体（NRPTP）。RPTP CD45在免疫细胞信号传导中的作用是众所周知的，但大多数其他PTP的作用仍知之甚少。在这里，我们审查了免疫细胞信号转导中NRPTPs的作用，调节和生理功能的机制。这样的分析表明，PTP与PTK在调节免疫系统方面同样重要。