For nearly a half century, cockroaches have been recognized as a major cause of asthma morbidity in the urban, inner-city environment. Several cockroach-produced allergens have been identified and characterized, and a few have been produced as recombinant proteins. Recent research has moved beyond clinical, patient-based investigations to a more entomological perspective that addresses the production, physiological regulation, and developmental expression of cockroach allergens, thus providing insight into their functional biology and their relationship to current cockroach control strategies. Although successful removal of cockroach allergens from the infested environment has been difficult to accomplish with remedial sanitation, large-scale reductions in cockroach allergens below clinically relevant thresholds have recently been realized through suppression of cockroach populations. Here we review the current understanding of cockroach allergen biology and the demographics associated with human exposure and sensitization. We also critically evaluate allergen mitigation studies from an entomological perspective, highlighting disparities between successful and failed attempts to lessen the cockroach allergen burden in homes.

中文翻译：

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蟑螂过敏原的生物学和室内环境的缓解。

在将近半个世纪的时间里，蟑螂被认为是城市市区环境中哮喘发病的主要原因。已经鉴定并鉴定了几种蟑螂产生的过敏原，其中一些已经作为重组蛋白产生。最近的研究已经从以患者为基础的临床研究扩展到了更昆虫学的角度，该观点涉及蟑螂过敏原的产生，生理调节和发育表达，从而提供了对它们的功能生物学及其与当前蟑螂控制策略的关系的见识。尽管通过补救性的卫生措施很难成功地从受感染的环境中清除蟑螂过敏原，通过抑制蟑螂种群，最近已经实现了将蟑螂过敏原大规模减少到临床相关阈值以下。在这里，我们回顾了目前对蟑螂过敏原生物学的认识以及与人类接触和致敏有关的人口统计学信息。我们还从昆虫学角度批判性地评估了缓解过敏原的研究，强调了减轻家中蟑螂过敏原负担的成功与失败尝试之间的差异。