Two eye movement experiments explored the roles of verbal subcategorization possibilities and transitivity biases in the processing of heavy NP shift sentences in which the verb's direct object appears to the right of a post-verbal phrase. In Experiment 1, participants read sentences in which a prepositional phrase immediately followed the verb, which was either obligatorily transitive or had a high transitivity bias (e.g., Jack praised/watched from the stands his daughter's attempt to shoot a basket). Experiment 2 compared unshifted sentences to sentences in which an adverb intervened between the verb and its object, and obligatorily transitive verbs to optionally transitive verbs with widely varying transitivity biases. In both experiments, evidence of processing difficulty appeared on the material that intervened between the verb and its object when the verb was obligatorily transitive, and on the shifted direct object when the verb was optionally transitive, regardless of transitivity bias. We conclude that the parser adopts the heavy NP shift analysis only when it is forced to by the grammar, which we interpret in terms of a preference for immediate incremental interpretation.

中文翻译：

---

大量NP移位是解析器的最后手段：来自眼球运动的证据☆

两个眼动实验探讨了动词子分类可能性和及物性偏差在处理重 NP 移位句中的作用，其中动词的直接宾语出现在后动词短语的右侧。在实验 1 中，参与者阅读的句子中紧跟在动词后面的是介词短语，该句子要么是强制传递的，要么具有高度传递性偏见（例如，杰克在看台上称赞/看着他女儿试图投篮）。实验 2 将未移位的句子与副词介于动词和宾语之间的句子进行比较，将强制及物动词与具有广泛不同及物性偏见的可选及物动词进行比较。在这两个实验中，当动词是强制及物时，处理困难的证据出现在动词和它的宾语之间的材料上，而当动词是可选及物时，则出现在转移的直接宾语上，而不管及物性偏见如何。我们得出结论，解析器仅在语法强制时才采用重 NP 移位分析，我们根据对立即增量解释的偏好进行解释。