Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are soluble NAD(P)(H) oxidoreductases that primarily reduce aldehydes and ketones to primary and secondary alcohols, respectively. The ten known human AKR enzymes can turnover a vast range of substrates, including drugs, carcinogens, and reactive aldehydes. They play central roles in the metabolism of these agents, and this can lead to either their bioactivation or detoxication. AKRs are Phase I drug metabolizing enzymes for a variety of carbonyl-containing drugs and are implicated in cancer chemotherapeutic drug resistance. They are involved in tobacco-carcinogenesis because they activate polycyclic aromatic trans-dihydrodiols to yield reactive and redox active o-quinones, but they also catalyze the detoxication of nicotine derived nitrosamino ketones. They also detoxify reactive aldehydes formed from exogenous toxicants, e.g., aflatoxin, endogenous toxicants, and those formed from the breakdown of lipid peroxides. AKRs are stress-regulated genes and play a central role in the cellular response to osmotic, electrophilic, and oxidative stress.

中文翻译：

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醛基酮还原酶和生物激活/解毒。

醛基酮还原酶（AKR）是可溶的NAD（P）（H）氧化还原酶，主要将醛和酮分别还原为伯醇和仲醇。十种已知的人类AKR酶可以转换各种各样的底物，包括药物，致癌物和活性醛。它们在这些物质的代谢中起着核心作用，这可能导致它们的生物活化或解毒。AKR是用于多种含羰基药物的I期药物代谢酶，与癌症化疗药物的耐药性有关。它们参与烟草致癌作用，因为它们可以活化多环芳族反式二氢二醇产生反应性和氧化还原活性的邻醌，但是它们也催化烟碱衍生的亚硝胺酮的脱毒作用。它们还对由外源性毒物（例如黄曲霉毒素），内源性有毒物以及脂质过氧化物分解形成的反应性醛进行解毒。AKR是压力调节基因，并在细胞对渗透，亲电和氧化应激的反应中发挥重要作用。