In this review, I examine the social psychological research on ostracism, social exclusion, and rejection. Being ignored, excluded, and/or rejected signals a threat for which reflexive detection in the form of pain and distress is adaptive for survival. Brief ostracism episodes result in sadness and anger and threaten fundamental needs. Individuals then act to fortify or replenish their thwarted need or needs. Behavioral consequences appear to be split into two general categories: attempts to fortify relational needs (belonging, self-esteem, shared understanding, and trust), which lead generally to prosocial thoughts and behaviors, or attempts to fortify efficacy/existence needs of control and recognition that may be dealt with most efficiently through antisocial thoughts and behaviors. Available research on chronic exposure to ostracism appears to deplete coping resources, resulting in depression and helplessness.

中文翻译：

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排斥。

在这篇评论中，我研究了关于排斥，社会排斥和排斥的社会心理学研究。被忽略，排除和/或拒绝表示威胁，以疼痛和痛苦为形式的反思性检测可以适应生存。短暂的排斥会导致悲伤和愤怒，并威胁基本需求。然后，个人采取行动来强化或补充他们挫败的需求。行为后果似乎分为两大类：试图增强关系需要（归属，自尊，共同理解和信任），这通常会导致亲社会的思想和行为，或者试图增强控制和干预的功效/存在需求。通过反社会的思想和行为可以最有效地处理的认识。