Recent theory and research are reviewed regarding self-related motives (self-enhancement, self-verification, and self-expansion) and self-conscious emotions (guilt, shame, pride, social anxiety, and embarrassment), with an emphasis on how these motivational and emotional aspects of the self might be related. Specifically, these motives and emotions appear to function to protect people's social well-being. The motives to self-enhance, self-verify, and self-expand are partly rooted in people's concerns with social approval and acceptance, and self-conscious emotions arise in response to events that have real or imagined implications for others' judgments of the individual. Thus, these motives and emotions do not operate to maintain certain states of the self, as some have suggested, but rather to facilitate people's social interactions and relationships.

中文翻译：

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自我的动机和情感方面。

综述了有关自我动机（自我增强，自我验证和自我扩展）和自我意识情绪（内gui，羞耻，自尊，社交焦虑和尴尬）的最新理论和研究，并着重介绍了这些动机自我的动机和情感方面可能是相关的。具体而言，这些动机和情感似乎在保护人们的社会福祉中起作用。自我增强，自我验证和自我扩展的动机部分植根于人们对社会认可和接受的关注，并且自觉情绪是响应对他人的判断有实际或想象影响的事件而产生的。因此，这些动机和情绪并不能像某些人所建议的那样维持某些自我状态，而是促进人们的自我发展。