Studies in Drosophila melanogaster have revealed paradigms for regulating gene expression through chromatin structure, including mechanisms of gene activation and silencing. Regulation occurs at the level of individual genes, chromosomal domains, and entire chromosomes. The chromatin state is dynamic, allowing for changes in gene expression in response to cellular signals and/or environmental cues. Changes in chromatin result from the action of ATP-dependent chromatin-remodeling complexes, reversible epigenetic histone modifications, and the incorporation of histone variants. Many of the chromatin-based transcriptional regulatory mechanisms discovered in D. melanogaster are evolutionarily conserved and therefore serve as a foundation for studies in other organisms.

中文翻译：

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通过染色质结构的基因调控：果蝇中建立的范例。

在果蝇中的研究揭示了通过染色质结构调节基因表达的范例，包括基因激活和沉默的机制。调节发生在单个基因，染色体结构域和整个染色体的水平上。染色质状态是动态的，允许响应于细胞信号和/或环境提示而改变基因表达。染色质的变化是由于ATP依赖的染色质重塑复合物，可逆的表观遗传组蛋白修饰以及组蛋白变体的结合所致。在黑腹果蝇中发现的许多基于染色质的转录调节机制在进化上是保守的，因此可作为其他生物研究的基础。