For many leaf-feeding herbivores, synchrony in phenology with their host plant is crucial as development outside a narrow phenological time window has severe fitness consequences. In this review, we link mechanisms, adaptation, and population dynamics within a single conceptual framework, needed for a full understanding of the causes and consequences of this synchrony. The physiological mechanisms underlying herbivore and plant phenology are affected by environmental cues, such as photoperiod and temperature, although not necessarily in the same way. That these different mechanisms lead to synchrony, even if there is spatial and temporal variation in plant phenology, is a result of the strong natural selection acting on the mechanism underlying herbivore phenology. Synchrony has a major impact on the population densities of leaf-feeding Lepidoptera, and years with a high synchrony may lead to outbreaks. Global climate change leads to a disruption of the synchrony between herbivores and their host plants, which may have major impacts for population viability if natural selection is insufficient to restore synchrony.

中文翻译：

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森林毛毛虫及其寄主树的物候：同步的重要性。

对于许多以叶为食的食草动物，在物候学上与其寄主植物同步是至关重要的，因为在狭窄的物候时间窗外发展会严重影响适应性。在这篇综述中，我们将机制，适应性和人口动态联系在一个概念框架内，这是充分了解这种同步的原因和后果所必需的。食草动物和植物物候的潜在生理机制受环境提示（例如光周期和温度）的影响，尽管不一定以相同的方式。即使在植物物候方面存在时空变化，这些不同的机制仍会导致同步，这是由于强烈的自然选择作用于草食动物物候的潜在机制所致。同步对叶食鳞翅目的种群密度有重大影响，而高度同步的年份可能导致暴发。全球气候变化导致食草动物与其寄主植物之间的同步性中断，如果自然选择不足以恢复同步性，这可能会对种群生存能力产生重大影响。