Addiction is a state of compulsive drug use; despite treatment and other attempts to control drug taking, addiction tends to persist. Clinical and laboratory observations have converged on the hypothesis that addiction represents the pathological usurpation of neural processes that normally serve reward-related learning. The major substrates of persistent compulsive drug use are hypothesized to be molecular and cellular mechanisms that underlie long-term associative memories in several forebrain circuits (involving the ventral and dorsal striatum and prefrontal cortex) that receive input from midbrain dopamine neurons. Here we review progress in identifying candidate mechanisms of addiction.

中文翻译：

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成瘾的神经机制：与奖励相关的学习和记忆的作用。

成瘾是强迫性使用毒品的一种状态。尽管进行了治疗和其他控制吸毒的尝试，但成瘾倾向仍然持续。临床和实验室观察已集中在以下假设上：成瘾代表通常用于奖励相关学习的神经过程的病理篡改。假设持续强迫性药物使用的主要底物是分子和细胞机制，这些机制是在多个中脑多巴胺神经元输入的前脑回路（涉及腹侧和背侧纹状体和前额叶皮层）中长期联想记忆的基础。在这里，我们回顾了识别成瘾的候选机制方面的进展。