The capacity to integrate into the chromosomal DNA of germ-line cells has endowed retroviruses with the potential to be vertically transmitted from generation to generation and eventually become fixed in the genomes of the entire population. This has been independently accomplished by several ancient retroviruses that invaded the genomes of our early and more recent primate and hominoid ancestors. Some of the inherited elements then proliferated in the genome, resulting in a number of lineages with complex phylogenetic patterns. Although the vast majority of chromosomally integrated retroelements have suffered inactivating mutations and deletions, a significant impact on various aspects of human biology has been recently revealed and evidence for the present activity of at least one human endogenous retrovirus family continues to accumulate.

中文翻译：

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人类内源性逆转录病毒家族的进化动力学。

整合到种系细胞的染色体DNA中的能力赋予了逆转录病毒潜在的代代相传的能力，并最终在整个种群的基因组中变得固定。这已通过几种古老的逆转录病毒独立完成，这些逆转录病毒入侵了我们早期和较新的灵长类动物和类人猿祖先的基因组。然后，某些遗传元件在基因组中增殖，从而导致许多谱系具有复杂的系统发育模式。尽管绝大多数染色体整合的逆转录元件都经历了失活的突变和缺失，但是最近已经揭示了对人类生物学各个方面的重大影响，并且至少一个人类内源性逆转录病毒家族目前活动的证据还在不断积累。