Overweight and obesity are rapidly growing to epidemic proportions in the United States and globally. Since sustainable weight loss is only achieved by bariatric surgery, medicine has seen an explosion in the diversity and number of bariatric procedures performed over the past few years. Systematic studies of postoperative outcomes and investigations into the physiology and biology of weight loss provide a more comprehensive understanding of the sequelae of bariatric surgery. Adipose tissue is the predominant site of fat stores. Increasing obesity results in an overload of lipids within the body's natural storage sink (i.e., the adipocyte) followed by the necessary deposition of fat within ectopic sites such as muscle, liver, and pancreas. The resulting metabolic derangements are associated with insulin resistance, central obesity, and chronic inflammation as adipose tissue acts as an endocrine organ, producing and secreting a host of biologic mediators. Whereas there are conflicting data on the cardiovascular effects of peripheral, subcutaneous liposuction, malabsorptive bariatric procedures result almost universally in significant amelioration of insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and hepatic steatosis. Concomitant changes in adipocyte-derived hormones may provide mechanistic explanations to the observed improvements.

中文翻译：

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减肥手术的结果。

在美国和全球，超重和肥胖症正在迅速蔓延到流行病的比例。由于仅通过减肥手术才能实现可持续的减肥，因此在过去几年中，医学在减肥手术的多样性和数量上呈爆炸式增长。术后结果的系统研究以及减肥的生理和生物学研究为减肥手术的后遗症提供了更全面的了解。脂肪组织是脂肪储存的主要部位。肥胖加剧会导致人体自然储存池（即脂肪细胞）中脂质过多，随后脂肪在肌肉，肝脏和胰腺等异位部位沉积。导致的代谢紊乱与胰岛素抵抗，中枢肥胖，脂肪组织起内分泌器官的作用，产生并分泌大量生物介质，从而引起慢性炎症。尽管有关外周，皮下吸脂的心血管作用的数据相互矛盾，但吸收不良的减肥手术几乎普遍导致胰岛素抵抗，高血压，血脂异常和肝脂肪变性的明显改善。脂肪细胞源性激素的伴随变化可能为观察到的改善提供机械解释。血脂异常和肝脂肪变性。脂肪细胞源性激素的伴随变化可能为观察到的改善提供机械解释。血脂异常和肝脂肪变性。脂肪细胞源性激素的伴随变化可能为观察到的改善提供机械解释。