The oomycetes form a phylogenetically distinct group of eukaryotic microorganisms that includes some of the most notorious pathogens of plants. Oomycetes accomplish parasitic colonization of plants by modulating host cell defenses through an array of disease effector proteins. The biology of effectors is poorly understood but tremendous progress has been made in recent years. This review classifies and catalogues the effector secretome of oomycetes. Two classes of effectors target distinct sites in the host plant: Apoplastic effectors are secreted into the plant extracellular space, and cytoplasmic effectors are translocated inside the plant cell, where they target different subcellular compartments. Considering that five species are undergoing genome sequencing and annotation, we are rapidly moving toward genome-wide catalogues of oomycete effectors. Already, it is evident that the effector secretome of pathogenic oomycetes is more complex than expected, with perhaps several hundred proteins dedicated to manipulating host cell structure and function.

中文翻译：

---

植物病原性卵菌的效应子分泌组目录。

卵菌形成了系统发育上独特的真核微生物群，其中包括一些植物中最臭名昭著的病原体。卵菌通过通过一系列疾病效应蛋白调节宿主细胞防御来完成植物的寄生定殖。对效应子的生物学了解甚少，但近年来已取得巨大进展。这篇综述对卵菌的效应子分泌物进行分类和分类。两类效应子靶向宿主植物中的不同位点：质外体效应子被分泌到植物细胞外空间中，胞质效应子被转移到植物细胞内部，它们靶向不同的亚细胞区室。考虑到有五个物种正在进行基因组测序和注释，我们正在迅速走向卵菌效应子的全基因组目录。显然，致病卵菌的效应子分泌组比预期的要复杂，可能有数百种蛋白质专门用于操纵宿主细胞的结构和功能。