Over the past 25 years, achievement goal theory has emerged as one of the most prominent theories of achievement motivation. This chapter uses an achievement goal framework to examine the influence of classroom and school environments on students' academic motivation and achievement. Considerable evidence suggests that elementary and secondary students show the most positive motivation and learning patterns when their school settings emphasize mastery, understanding, and improving skills and knowledge. Whereas school environments that are focused on demonstrating high ability and competing for grades can increase the academic performance of some students, research suggests that many young people experience diminished motivation under these conditions. The implications of achievement goal theory for examining the impact of school reform are discussed.

中文翻译：

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课堂目标结构，学生动机和学业成就。

在过去的25年中，成就目标理论已成为成就动机的最突出理论之一。本章使用成就目标框架来检查教室和学校环境对学生学习动机和成就的影响。大量证据表明，当中小学生的学校环境注重掌握，理解和提高技能和知识时，他们会表现出最积极的动机和学习方式。专注于表现出高才能并争取成绩的学校环境可以提高某些学生的学习成绩，而研究表明，在这些条件下，许多年轻人的动力下降了。