Abstract The paper describes the organisational and scientific evolution of the US antimalarial program during World War II. This program screened some 14,000 compounds for antimalarial activity, selected atabrine as the drug of choice in 1943, and later identified chloroquine as a superior compound. It became, arguably, the largest biomedical research effort of the first half of the twentieth century, involving chemical and pharmaceutical companies, diverse university researchers, and non-profit and government laboratories. Beyond scientific research, the innovations of the wartime antimalarial program were chiefly in three areas, communication, scale and administration. The program drew on resources — intellectual, material and organisational — created in Germany by researchers at Bayer, and in the US by the Rockefeller Foundation and Institutes. The paper examines the antimalarial program as one of the formative models for later programs such as the National Institutes of Health. This account supports the claim that wartime work was essential to the development of NIH, if only because the confused and faltering structures of the early war years, 1939–1943, do not suggest that all the organisational infrastructure for large scale, multi-centre co-operative research was in place prior to World War II.

中文翻译：

---

二战期间的疟疾化疗和“万花筒”生物医学研究组织

摘要 本文描述了二战期间美国抗疟计划的组织和科学演变。该计划筛选了大约 14,000 种化合物的抗疟活性，1943 年选择阿他林作为首选药物，后来确定氯喹为优良化合物。可以说，它成为 20 世纪上半叶最大的生物医学研究项目，涉及化学和制药公司、多元化的大学研究人员以及非营利和政府实验室。除了科学研究，战时抗疟计划的创新主要体现在传播、规模和管理三个方面。该计划利用了由拜耳研究人员在德国以及洛克菲勒基金会和研究所在美国创造的资源——智力、物质和组织。该论文将抗疟计划作为后来的计划（如美国国立卫生研究院）的形成模型之一进行研究。这个说法支持了战时工作对 NIH 的发展至关重要的说法，仅仅因为战争早期（1939-1943 年）的混乱和摇摇欲坠的结构并没有表明大规模、多中心合作的所有组织基础设施- 手术研究在第二次世界大战之前就已到位。