Hot deck imputation is a method for handling missing data in which each missing value is replaced with an observed response from a "similar" unit. Despite being used extensively in practice, the theory is not as well developed as that of other imputation methods. We have found that no consensus exists as to the best way to apply the hot deck and obtain inferences from the completed data set. Here we review different forms of the hot deck and existing research on its statistical properties. We describe applications of the hot deck currently in use, including the U.S. Census Bureau's hot deck for the Current Population Survey (CPS). We also provide an extended example of variations of the hot deck applied to the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Some potential areas for future research are highlighted.

中文翻译：

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调查不答复的热点插补回顾

热甲板插补是一种处理缺失数据的方法，其中每个缺失值都被替换为来自“相似”单元的观察响应。尽管在实践中被广泛使用，但该理论并不像其他插补方法那样完善。我们发现，对于应用热甲板和从完整数据集获得推论的最佳方式，尚无共识。在这里，我们回顾了热甲板的不同形式及其统计特性的现有研究。我们描述了当前使用的热板的应用，包括美国人口普查局用于当前人口调查 (CPS) 的热板。我们还提供了适用于第三次国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES III) 的热甲板变化的扩展示例。强调了未来研究的一些潜在领域。