BACKGROUND In the Netherlands, youths of Moroccan origin account for a disproportionately large percentage of the population in juvenile justice institutions. Previous research showed that Moroccan adolescents in pre-trial arrest are characterized by less serious offending behavior (i.e., primarily property-based) and lower levels of mental health problems than native Dutch adolescents in pre-trial arrest. To date, little is known about the parent-child relationship of these adolescents. This study examines the mother-son relationships of Moroccan and native Dutch delinquent adolescents and their association with adolescent delinquency. METHODS In the present study, differences in the mother-son relationship characteristics between families of incarcerated (N = 129) and non-incarcerated (N = 324) adolescents were examined, and it was analyzed if these differences between incarcerated and non-incarcerated adolescents were the same for Moroccans and native Dutch. Data collection for the incarcerated sample took place from 2006 to 2008. Comparison data were used of interviews conducted with mothers originating from former larger studies in the general Dutch population. Latent Class Analysis was performed in order to identify types of mother-son relationship. Logistic regression analyses were used to identify the relationships between mother-son relationship types, incarceration and ethnicity. RESULTS A three class model of mother-son relationship types was found: a low-conflict mother-son relationship type, a high-conflict mother-son relationship type, and a neglectful mother-son relationship type. Compared to the native Dutch adolescents, Moroccans (both in the incarcerated and non-incarcerated population) more often showed a neglectful mother-son relationship type. For Moroccans, no differences in mother-son relationship types were found between the incarcerated and non-incarcerated adolescents, whereas considerable differences occurred between the native Dutch incarcerated and non-incarcerated adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that mother-son relationship types of incarcerated Moroccan adolescents and non-incarcerated Moroccan adolescents are rather comparable. These findings are in line with previous studies which revealed the less problematic profile of Moroccan adolescents in pre-trial arrest in the Netherlands compared to native Dutch adolescents in pre-trial arrest.

中文翻译：

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荷兰被监禁和非监禁男性青少年母子关系的种族差异。

背景 在荷兰，摩洛哥裔青年在少年司法机构的人口中所占比例过高。先前的研究表明，与审前逮捕的荷兰本土青少年相比，摩洛哥审前逮捕的青少年的犯罪行为不太严重（即主要是基于财产），心理健康问题的程度也较低。迄今为止，人们对这些青少年的亲子关系知之甚少。本研究调查了摩洛哥和荷兰本土青少年犯罪青少年的母子关系及其与青少年犯罪的关系。方法在本研究中，调查了被监禁（N = 129）和非监禁（N = 324）青少年家庭之间母子关系特征的差异，并分析了被监禁和非监禁青少年之间的这些差异是否存在。对于摩洛哥人和荷兰人来说也是如此。被监禁样本的数据收集于 2006 年至 2008 年期间进行。比较数据来自于之前对荷兰普通人口进行的大型研究中对母亲进行的访谈。进行潜在类别分析是为了识别母子关系的类型。使用逻辑回归分析来确定母子关系类型、监禁和种族之间的关系。结果母子关系类型存在三类模型：低冲突母子关系型、高冲突母子关系型和忽视母子关系型。与荷兰本土青少年相比，摩洛哥人（无论是在监禁人口还是非监禁人口中）更经常表现出忽视的母子关系类型。对于摩洛哥人来说，被监禁和非监禁青少年之间的母子关系类型没有发现差异，而荷兰本土被监禁和非监禁青少年之间则存在相当大的差异。结论 我们的研究结果表明，摩洛哥被监禁青少年和非监禁摩洛哥青少年的母子关系类型相当相似。这些发现与之前的研究一致，之前的研究表明，与荷兰本地青少年相比，在荷兰审前逮捕中摩洛哥青少年的问题较少。