Health information technology (IT) is widely endorsed as a way to improve key health care outcomes, particularly patient safety. Applying a human factors approach, this paper models more explicitly how health IT might improve or worsen outcomes. The human factors model specifies that health IT transforms the work system, which transforms the process of care, which in turn transforms the outcome of care. This study reports on transformations of the medication administration process that resulted from the implementation of one type of IT: bar coded medication administration (BCMA). Registered nurses at two large pediatric hospitals in the US participated in a survey administered before and after one of the hospitals implemented BCMA. Nurses' perceptions of the administration process changed at the hospital that implemented BCMA, whereas perceptions of nurses at the control hospital did not. BCMA appeared to improve the safety of the processes of matching medications to the medication administration record and checking patient identification. The accuracy, usefulness, and consistency of checking patient identification improved as well. In contrast, nurses' perceptions of the usefulness, time efficiency, and ease of the documentation process decreased post-BCMA. Discussion of survey findings is supplemented by observations and interviews at the hospital that implemented BCMA. By considering the way that IT transforms the work system and the work process a practitioner can better predict the kind of outcomes that the IT might produce. More importantly, the practitioner can achieve or prevent outcomes of interest by using design and redesign aimed at controlling work system and process transformations.

中文翻译：

---

这很好，但它是做什么的？通过测量护理过程中的变化来评估条形码药物管理的影响

健康信息技术 (IT) 被广泛认可为改善关键医疗保健结果，尤其是患者安全的一种方式。本文采用人为因素方法，更明确地模拟了健康 IT 如何改善或恶化结果。人为因素模型规定，健康 IT 会转变工作系统，从而转变护理过程，进而转变护理结果。本研究报告了由实施一种 IT 导致的药物管理过程的转变：条形码药物管理 (BCMA)。美国两家大型儿科医院的注册护士参与了其中一家医院实施 BCMA 前后进行的调查。在实施 BCMA 的医院，护士对管理过程的看法发生了变化，而对照医院护士的看法则不然。BCMA 似乎提高了将药物与药物管理记录匹配并检查患者身份的过程的安全性。检查患者身份的准确性、实用性和一致性也得到了提高。相比之下，护士对文档过程的有用性、时间效率和易用性的看法在 BCMA 后下降。对实施 BCMA 的医院的观察和访谈补充了对调查结果的讨论。通过考虑 IT 转变工作系统和工作流程的方式，从业者可以更好地预测 IT 可能产生的结果类型。更重要的是，