While the vast majority of linguistic processes apply locally, consonant harmony appears to be an exception. In this phonological process, consonants share the same value of a phonological feature, such as secondary place of articulation. In sibilant harmony, [s] and [ʃ] ('sh') alternate such that if a word contains the sound [ʃ], all [s] sounds become [ʃ]. This can apply locally as a first-order or non-locally as a second-order pattern. In the first-order case, no consonants intervene between the two sibilants (e.g., [pisasu], [piʃaʃu]). In second-order case, a consonant may intervene (e.g., [sipasu], [ʃipaʃu]). The fact that there are languages that allow second-order non-local agreement of consonant features has led some to question whether locality constraints apply to consonant harmony. This paper presents the results from two artificial grammar learning experiments that demonstrate the privileged role of locality constraints, even in patterns that allow second-order non-local interactions. In Experiment 1, we show that learners do not extend first-order non-local relationships in consonant harmony to second-order nonlocal relationships. In Experiment 2, we show that learners will extend a consonant harmony pattern with second-order long distance relationships to a consonant harmony with first-order long distance relationships. Because second-order non-local application implies first-order non-local application, but first-order non-local application does not imply second-order non-local application, we establish that local constraints are privileged even in consonant harmony.

中文翻译：

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和声中地方的特权地位

虽然绝大多数语言过程都适用于本地，但辅音和声似乎是一个例外。在这个音韵过程中，辅音具有相同的音韵特征值，例如次要发音位置。在咝咝声中，[s] 和 [ʃ] ('sh') 交替出现，如果一个词包含 [ʃ]，则所有 [s] 的发音都变成 [ʃ]。这可以局部应用为一阶模式或非局部应用为二阶模式。在一级情况下，两个咝咝声之间没有辅音干扰（例如，[pisasu]、[piʃaʃu]）。在二阶情况下，辅音可能会介入（例如，[sipasu]、[ʃipaʃu]）。有些语言允许辅音特征的二阶非本地一致，这一事实导致一些人质疑本地限制是否适用于辅音和声。本文介绍了两个人工语法学习实验的结果，这些实验证明了局部约束的特权作用，即使在允许二阶非局部交互的模式中也是如此。在实验 1 中，我们表明学习者不会将一阶非本地关系以辅音和声扩展到二阶非本地关系。在实验 2 中，我们表明学习者会将具有二阶长距离关系的辅音和声模式扩展为具有一阶长距离关系的辅音和声模式。因为二阶非本地应用意味着一阶非本地应用，而一阶非本地应用并不意味着二阶非本地应用，所以我们建立了本地约束即使在辅音中也具有特权。