Sulfidic muds of cold seeps on the Nile Deep Sea Fan (NDSF) are populated by different types of mat‐forming sulfide‐oxidizing bacteria. The predominant sulfide oxidizers of three different mats were identified by microscopic and phylogenetic analyses as (i) Arcobacter species producing cotton‐ball‐like sulfur precipitates, (ii) large filamentous sulfur bacteria including Beggiatoa species, and (iii) single, spherical Thiomargarita species. High resolution in situ microprofiles revealed different geochemical settings selecting for the different mat types. Arcobacter mats occurred where oxygen and sulfide overlapped above the seafloor in the bottom water interface. Filamentous sulfide oxidizers were associated with steep gradients of oxygen and sulfide in the sediment. A dense population of Thiomargarita was favored by temporarily changing supplies of oxygen and sulfide in the bottom water. These results indicate that the decisive factors in selecting for different mat‐forming bacteria within one deep‐sea province are spatial or temporal variations in energy supply. Furthermore, the occurrence of Arcobacter spp.‐related 16S rRNA genes in the sediments below all three types of mats, as well as on top of brine lakes of the NDSF, indicates that this group of sulfide oxidizers can switch between different life modes depending on the geobiochemical habitat setting.

中文翻译：

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尼罗河深海扇（东地中海）冷渗出处形成垫层，硫化物氧化细菌之间的生态位分化。

尼罗河深海扇（NDSF）上冷渗漏的硫化泥中分布着不同类型的形成垫的硫化物氧化细菌。的三个不同的垫的主要硫化物氧化剂通过显微镜和系统发育分析为（i）标识弓形杆菌物种生产棉花球状硫沉淀物，（ⅱ）大丝状硫细菌，包括Beggiatoa物种，以及（iii）单一的，球形Thiomargarita物种。高分辨率的原位微剖面揭示了针对不同垫层类型选择的不同地球化学设置。杆菌属在底部水界面中，氧气和硫化物在海底上方重叠的地方发生了垫子。丝状硫化物氧化剂与沉积物中氧气和硫化物的陡峭梯度相关。暂时改变底部水中氧气和硫化物的供应量有利于稠密的硫代玛格丽塔。这些结果表明，在一个深海省份内选择形成垫层的细菌的决定性因素是能源供应的时空变化。此外，发生了弧菌 在所有三种垫层下以及NDSF盐水湖顶部的沉积物中，与物种相关的16S rRNA基因表明，这组硫化物氧化剂可以根据地球生物化学栖息地的设置在不同的生命模式之间切换。