Development of psychiatric diseases such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) invokes, as with most complex diseases, both genetic and environmental factors. The era of genome-wide high throughput technologies has sparked the initiation of genotype screenings in large cohorts of diseased and control individuals, but had limited success in identification of disease causing genetic variants. It has become evident that these efforts at the genomic level need to be complemented with endeavours in elucidating the proteome, transcriptome and epigenetic profiles. Epigenetics is attractive in particular because there is accumulating evidence that the lasting impact of adverse life events is reflected in certain covalent modifications of the chromatin.In this review, we outline the characteristics of PTSD as a stress-related disease and survey recent developments revealing epigenetic aspects of stress-related disorders in general. There is also increasing direct evidence for gene programming and epigenetic components in PTSD. Finally, we discuss treatment options in the light of recent discoveries of epigenetic mechanisms of psychotropic drugs.

中文翻译：

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创伤后应激障碍的表观遗传方面。

与大多数复杂疾病一样，精神疾病如创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD) 的发展会引起遗传和环境因素。全基因组高通量技术的时代引发了对大量患病和对照个体的基因型筛选的启动，但在鉴定导致遗传变异的疾病方面取得了有限的成功。很明显，这些在基因组水平上的努力需要与阐明蛋白质组、转录组和表观遗传谱的努力相辅相成。表观遗传学特别有吸引力，因为有越来越多的证据表明，不良生活事件的持久影响反映在染色质的某些共价修饰上。在这篇综述中，我们概述了 PTSD 作为压力相关疾病的特征，并调查了最近的发展，揭示了压力相关疾病的表观遗传方面。也有越来越多的直接证据表明 PTSD 中的基因编程和表观遗传成分。最后，我们根据最近发现的精神药物表观遗传机制讨论了治疗方案。