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Protein clearing pathways in ALS.
Archives Italiennes De Biologie ( IF 0.8 ) Pub Date : 2011-3-18 , DOI: 10.4449/aib.v149i1.1258
Michela Ferrucci 1 , Fedrica Fulceri , Luca Toti , Paola Soldani , Gabriele Siciliano , Antonio Paparelli , Francesco Fornai
Affiliation  

In the present review a large amount of experimental and clinical studies on ALS are discussed in an effort to dissect common pathogenic mechanisms which may provide novel information and potential therapeutic strategies for motor neuron degeneration.Protein clearing systems play a critical role in motor neuron survival during excitotoxic stress, aging and neurodegenerative disorders. Among various mechanisms which clear proteins from the cell recent studies indicate autophagy as the most prominent pathway to promote survival of motor neurons.Autophagy regulates the clearance of damaged mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum and misfolded proteins in eukaryotic cells. Upon recruitment of the autophagy pathway, an autophagosome is produced and directed towards lysosomal degradation.Here we provide evidence that in both genetic and sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS, the most common motor neuron disorder) a defect in the autophagy machinery is common. In fact, swollen, disrupted mitochondria and intracellular protein aggregates accumulate within affected motor neurons. These structures localize within double membrane vacuoles, autophagosomes, which typically cluster in perinuclear position. In keeping with this, when using autophagy inhibitors or suppressing autophagy promoting genes, motor symptoms and motor neuron death are accelerated. Conversely stimulation of autophagy alleviates motor neuron degeneration.Therefore, autophagy represents an important target when developing novel treatments in ALS.

中文翻译:

ALS中的蛋白质清除途径。

在这篇综述中,讨论了有关ALS的大量实验和临床研究,旨在剖析常见的致病机制,这些机制可能为运动神经元变性提供新的信息和潜在的治疗策略。蛋白质清除系统在运动神经元存活期间起着至关重要的作用。兴奋毒性应激,衰老和神经退行性疾病。在清除细胞蛋白质的各种机制中,最近的研究表明自噬是促进运动神经元存活的最主要途径。自噬调节真核细胞中受损的线粒体,内质网和错误折叠的蛋白质的清除。在募集自噬途径时,产生自噬体并将其导向溶酶体降解。在这里,我们提供证据表明,在遗传性和散发性肌萎缩性侧索硬化症(ALS,最常见的运动神经元疾病)中,自噬机制中的缺陷很常见。事实上,肿胀,破坏的线粒体和细胞内蛋白质聚集在受影响的运动神经元内积累。这些结构位于双膜液泡,自噬体中,自噬体通常聚集在核周位置。因此,当使用自噬抑制剂或抑制自噬促进基因时,会加速运动症状和运动神经元死亡。相反地​​,自噬的刺激减轻了运动神经元的退化。因此,自噬是发展ALS的新疗法时的重要目标。肿胀,破坏的线粒体和细胞内蛋白质聚集在受影响的运动神经元内积累。这些结构位于双膜液泡,自噬体中,自噬体通常聚集在核周位置。因此,当使用自噬抑制剂或抑制自噬促进基因时,会加速运动症状和运动神经元死亡。相反地​​,自噬的刺激减轻了运动神经元的退化。因此,自噬是发展ALS的新疗法时的重要目标。肿胀,破坏的线粒体和细胞内蛋白质聚集在受影响的运动神经元内积累。这些结构位于双膜液泡,自噬体中,自噬体通常聚集在核周位置。因此,当使用自噬抑制剂或抑制自噬促进基因时,会加速运动症状和运动神经元死亡。相反地​​,自噬的刺激减轻了运动神经元的退化。因此,自噬是发展ALS的新疗法时的重要目标。当使用自噬抑制剂或抑制自噬促进基因时,会加速运动症状和运动神经元死亡。相反地​​,自噬的刺激减轻了运动神经元的退化。因此,自噬是发展ALS的新疗法时的重要目标。当使用自噬抑制剂或抑制自噬促进基因时,会加速运动症状和运动神经元死亡。相反地​​,自噬的刺激减轻了运动神经元的退化。因此,自噬是发展ALS的新疗法时的重要目标。
更新日期:2020-08-21
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