The cell nucleus is an organelle bounded by a double-membrane which undergoes drastic reorganization during major cellular events such as cell division and apoptosis. Maintenance of proper nuclear structure, function and dynamics is central to organelle vitality. Over recent years growing evidence has shown that parts of the nucleus can be specifically degraded by an autophagic process termed nucleophagy. The process is best described in the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, where piecemeal microautophagy of the nucleus or nucleophagy (micronucleophagy) requires direct interaction of the nuclear membrane with that of the vacuole (the yeast lytic compartment). Here, we review the process of nucleophagy in the context of nuclear membrane dynamics, and examine the evidence for autophagic degradation of the nucleus in mammalian cells. Finally, we discuss the importance of nucleophagy as a 'housecleaning' mechanism for the nucleus under both normal and disease conditions.

中文翻译：

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核吞噬过程中核膜动力学的复杂性


细胞核是一种由双膜包围的细胞器，在细胞分裂和细胞凋亡等主要细胞事件期间经历剧烈的重组。维持适当的核结构、功能和动力学是细胞器活力的核心。近年来，越来越多的证据表明，细胞核的某些部分可以通过称为核自噬的自噬过程进行特异性降解。这一过程在酿酒酵母中得到了最好的描述，其中细胞核的零散微自噬或核自噬（微核自噬）需要核膜与液泡（酵母裂解室）的直接相互作用。在这里，我们回顾了核膜动力学背景下的核自噬过程，并检查了哺乳动物细胞中细胞核自噬降解的证据。最后，我们讨论了核吞噬作为正常和疾病条件下细胞核“大扫除”机制的重要性。