It has repeatedly been shown that agrammatic Broca's aphasics have serious problems with the retrieval of verbs on action naming tests (Miceli, Silveri, Villa & Caramazza, 1984; Kohn, Lorch & Pearson, 1989; Basso, Razzano, Faglioni & Zanobio, 1990; Jonkers, 1998; Kim & Thompson, 2000). Less attention has been paid to the production of verbs at the sentence level (but see Miceli, Mazzuchi, Menn & Goodglass, 1983; Thompson, Shapiro, Li & Schendel, 1995; Thompson, Lange, Schneider & Shapiro, 1997; Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 1998; Bastiaanse, Rispens & Van Zonneveld, 2000; Friedmann, 2000), although it has been mentioned that in agrammatic spontaneous speech verbs are lacking (Saffran, Berndt & Schwartz, 1989; Thompson et al., 1995, but see Bastiaanse & Jonkers, 1998).In this paper, three cross-linguistic studies are discussed to show that these problems with verbs have consequences for other grammatical morphemes and structures that have been mentioned to be impaired in agrammatic speech and that these consequences are different per language, depending on linguistic characteristics. The first study focuses on finiteness and compares the production of finite verbs in matrix and embedded clauses in Dutch and English, showing that a linguistic rule in Dutch (Verb Second), which does not exist in English, can explain the different performance of Dutch and English agrammatic Broca's aphasics. The second study focuses on determiners and (finite) verbs in German and shows that poor determiner production is directly related to poor verb production. The last study demonstrates that the ability to construct negative sentences is dependent on the language specific relation between verb movement and negation: Dutch and Norwegian agrammatics perform equally well on affirmative and negative sentences, whereas English and Spanish agrammatics are more impaired on negative sentences.Overall, these studies show that the problems agrammatics encounter with verbs and their properties have a spin-off on the production of other word-classes and that the characterization 'problems with grammatical morphemes' is too general for telegraphic speech.

中文翻译：

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动词：语法布洛卡失语症的一些特性及其后果

一再表明，文法失语者在动作命名测试中检索动词时存在严重问题（Miceli, Silveri, Villa & Caramazza, 1984; Kohn, Lorch & Pearson, 1989; Basso, Razzano, Faglioni & Zanobio, 1990;琼克斯，1998 年；金和汤普森，2000 年）。较少关注句子级别的动词生成（但参见 Miceli, Mazzuchi, Menn & Goodglass, 1983; Thompson, Shapiro, Li & Schendel, 1995; Thompson, Lange, Schneider & Shapiro, 1997; Bastiaanse & Van Zonneveld, 1998; Bastiaanse, Rispens & Van Zonneveld, 2000; Friedmann, 2000)，尽管有人提到在语法自发的言语动词中缺乏（Saffran, Berndt & Schwartz, 1989; Thompson et al., 1995, 1995） & Jonkers，1998 年）。在这篇论文中，讨论了三项跨语言研究，以表明动词的这些问题会对其他语法语素和结构产生影响，这些语素和结构已被提到在不合语法的语音中受损，并且这些影响因语言特征而异，每种语言都不同。第一项研究侧重于有限性，并比较了荷兰语和英语中矩阵和嵌入从句中有限动词的产生，表明荷兰语中没有英语中不存在的语言规则（动词第二）可以解释荷兰语和英语的不同表现。英语语法布罗卡失语症。第二项研究侧重于德语中的限定词和（有限）动词，并表明较差的限定词产生与较差的动词产生直接相关。