Malaria is a location-specific, dynamic infectious disease transmitted by mosquitoes to humans and is influenced by environmental, vector, parasite, and host factors. The principal purposes of malarial epidemiology are 1) to describe the malarial distribution in space and time along with the physical, biologic, and social etiologic factors and 2) to guide control objectives for either modeling impact or measuring progress of control tactics. Mapping malaria and many of its causative factors has been achieved on many different levels from global distribution to biologic quantitative trait localization in humans, parasites, and mosquitoes. Despite these important achievements, a large degree of uncertainty still exists on the annual burden of malarial cases. Accurate, sensitive detection and treatment of asymptomatic reservoirs important to infectious transmission are additional components necessary for future control measures. Presently spurred by the leadership and funding of Bill and Melinda Gates, the malarial community is developing and implementing plans for elimination of malaria. The challenge for malariologists is to digitally integrate and map epidemiologic factors and intervention measures in space and time to target effective, sustainable control alongside research efforts.

中文翻译：

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绘制疟疾流行病学地图的不确定性：对控制的影响。

疟疾是一种特定地点的动态传染病，由蚊子传播给人类，受环境、媒介、寄生虫和宿主因素的影响。疟疾流行病学的主要目的是 1) 描述疟疾在空间和时间上的分布以及物理、生物和社会病因因素，以及 2) 指导控制目标，以对影响进行建模或衡量控制策略的进展。从全球分布到人类、寄生虫和蚊子的生物数量性状定位，已经在许多不同的层面上绘制了疟疾及其许多致病因素的图谱。尽管取得了这些重要成就，但每年的疟疾病例负担仍然存在很大程度的不确定性。准确的，对传染性传播很重要的无症状宿主的敏感检测和治疗是未来控制措施所必需的额外组成部分。目前，在比尔和梅琳达·盖茨的领导和资助的推动下，疟疾社区正在制定和实施消除疟疾的计划。疟疾学家面临的挑战是在空间和时间上以数字方式整合和绘制流行病学因素和干预措施，以在研究工作的同时进行有效、可持续的控制。