Female breast cancer is one of the leading causes of female mortality worldwide. In Malaysia, breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women. Of the women in Malaysia, the Chinese have the highest number of breast cancer cases, followed by the Indian and the Malay. The most common type of breast cancer is infiltrating ductal carcinoma (IDC). A proteomic approach was applied in this study to identify changes in the protein profile of cancerous tissues compared with normal tissues from 18 patients; 8 Chinese, 6 Malay and 4 Indian were analysed. Twenty-four differentially expressed hydrophilic proteins were identified. We evaluated the potential of these proteins as biomarkers for infiltrating ductal carcinoma based on their ethnic-specific expressions. Three of the upregulated proteins, calreticulin, 14-3-3 protein zeta and 14-3-3 protein eta, were found to be expressed at a significantly higher level in the cancerous breast tissues when compared with the normal tissues in cases of infiltrating ductal carcinoma. The upregulation in expression was particularly dominant in the Malay cohort.

中文翻译：

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乳腺癌正常组织和癌组织中水溶性蛋白的差异表达与患者种族的关系；华人、马来人和印度人。

女性乳腺癌是全球女性死亡的主要原因之一。在马来西亚，乳腺癌是女性中最常见的癌症。在马来西亚的女性中，华人的乳腺癌病例最多，其次是印度人和马来人。最常见的乳腺癌类型是浸润性导管癌 (IDC)。本研究采用蛋白质组学方法来鉴定 18 名患者的癌组织与正常组织相比蛋白质谱的变化；分析了 8 名华人、6 名马来人和 4 名印度人。鉴定了 24 种差异表达的亲水蛋白。我们根据它们的种族特异性表达评估了这些蛋白质作为浸润性导管癌生物标志物的潜力。三种上调的蛋白质，钙网蛋白，与浸润性导管癌的正常组织相比，发现 14-3-3 蛋白 zeta 和 14-3-3 蛋白 eta 在癌性乳腺组织中的表达水平显着更高。表达上调在马来人队列中尤其显着。