The aim of this study was to investigate the role of dietary macronutrient content on adiposity parameters and adipocyte hypertrophy/hyperplasia in subcutaneous and visceral fat depots from Wistar rats using combined histological and computational approaches. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were distributed into 4 groups and were assigned to different nutritional interventions: Control group (chow diet); high-fat group, HF (60% E from fat); high-fat-sucrose group, HFS (45% E from fat and 17% from sucrose); and high-sucrose group, HS (42% E from sucrose). At day 35, rats were sacrificed, blood was collected, tissues were weighed and fragments of different fat depots were kept for histological analyses with the new softwareAdiposoft. Rats fed with HF, HFS and HS diets increased significantly body weight and total body fat against Control rats, being metabolic impairments more pronounced on HS rats than in the other groups. Cellularity analyses usingAdiposoft revealed that retroperitoneal adipose tissue is histologically different than mesenteric and subcutaneous ones, in relation to bigger adipocytes. The subcutaneous fat pad was the most sensitive to the diet, presenting adipocyte hypertrophy induced by HF diet and adipocyte hyperplasia induced by HS diet. The mesenteric fat pad had a similar but attenuated response in comparison to the subcutaneous adipose tissue, while retroperitoneal fat pad only presented adipocyte hyperplasia induced by the HS diet intake after 35 days of intervention. These findings provide new insights into the role of macronutrients in the development of hyperplastic obesity, which is characterized by the severity of the clinical features. Finally, a new tool for analyzing histological adipose samples is presented.

中文翻译：

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膳食常量营养素组成对 Wistar 大鼠不同脂肪库的肥胖和细胞构成的影响。

本研究的目的是使用组合的组织学和计算方法研究膳食常量营养素含量对 Wistar 大鼠皮下和内脏脂肪库中肥胖参数和脂肪细胞肥大/增生的作用。为此，将雄性 Wistar 大鼠分为 4 组并分配到不同的营养干预措施：对照组（食物）；高脂肪组，HF（来自脂肪的 60% E）；高脂肪蔗糖组，HFS（45% E 来自脂肪，17% 来自蔗糖）；和高蔗糖组，HS（来自蔗糖的 42% E）。在第 35 天，处死大鼠，收集血液，称重组织并保留不同脂肪库的碎片，用于使用新软件Adiposoft进行组织学分析. 喂食HF、HFS和HS饮食的大鼠与对照大鼠相比显着增加体重和全身脂肪，HS大鼠的代谢障碍比其他组更明显。使用Adiposoft进行细胞分析揭示腹膜后脂肪组织在组织学上与肠系膜和皮下脂肪组织不同，与更大的脂肪细胞有关。皮下脂肪垫对饮食最敏感，表现为HF饮食诱导的脂肪细胞肥大和HS饮食诱导的脂肪细胞增生。与皮下脂肪组织相比，肠系膜脂肪垫具有相似但减弱的反应，而腹膜后脂肪垫仅在干预 35 天后出现由 HS 饮食诱导的脂肪细胞增生。这些发现为宏量营养素在增生性肥胖发展中的作用提供了新的见解，增生性肥胖的特点是临床特征的严重程度。最后，提出了一种用于分析组织学脂肪样本的新工具。