African Rice (Oryza glaberrimaSteud.): Lost Crop of the Enslaved Africans Discovered in Suriname. African rice (Oryza glaberrima Steud.) was introduced to the Americas during the slave trade years and grown by enslaved Africans for decades before mechanical milling devices facilitated the shift towards Asian rice (O. sativa L.). Literature suggests that African rice is still grown in Guyana and French Guiana, but the most recent herbarium voucher dates from 1938. In this paper, evidence is presented that O. glaberrima is still grown by Saramaccan Maroons both for food and ritual uses. Saramaccan informants claim their forefathers collected their first "black rice" from a mysterious wild rice swamp and cultivated these seeds afterwards. Unmilled spikelets (grains with their husk still attached) are sold in small quantities for ancestor offerings, and even exported to the Netherlands to be used by Maroon immigrants. Little is known of the evolution of O. glaberrima, before and after domestication. Therefore, more research is needed on the different varieties of rice and other "lost crops" grown by these descendants of enslaved Africans who escaped from plantations in the 17th and 18th centuries and maintained much of their African cultural heritage in the deep rainforest.

中文翻译：

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非洲水稻（Oryza glaberrima Steud.）：在苏里南发现的被奴役的非洲人的失落作物。

非洲水稻（Oryza glaberrimaSteud.）：在苏里南发现的被奴役的非洲人的失落作物。非洲大米（Oryza glaberrima Steud.）在奴隶贸易时期被引入美洲，并在机械碾磨设备促进向亚洲大米（O. sativa L.）的转变之前由被奴役的非洲人种植了几十年。文献表明，非洲大米仍在圭亚那和法属圭亚那种植，但最近的植物标本券可追溯到 1938 年。本文提供的证据表明，Saramaccan Maroons 仍在种植 O. glaberrima，用于食物和仪式用途。Saramaccan 线人声称他们的祖先从一个神秘的野生稻沼泽收集了他们的第一个“黑米”，然后种植了这些种子。未磨碎的小穗（带壳的谷物）被少量出售以供祖先祭祀，甚至出口到荷兰供栗色移民使用。对驯化前后 O. glaberrima 的进化知之甚少。因此，需要对这些在 17 和 18 世纪从种植园逃脱并在热带雨林深处保留了大部分非洲文化遗产的被奴役的非洲人的后代种植的不同品种的水稻和其他“失落的作物”进行更多的研究。