The synthetic biocides triclosan (5-chloro-2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenol) and triclocarban (3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide) are routinely added to a wide array of antimicrobial personal care products and consumer articles. Both compounds can persist in the environment and exhibit toxicity toward a number of biological receptors. Recent reports of toxicological effects in wildlife, human cell cultures, and laboratory animals have heightened the interest in the occurrence of these biocide and related toxic effects. The present study aimed to summarize published environmental concentrations of biocides and contrast them with toxicity threshold values of susceptible organisms. Environmental occurrences and toxicity threshold values span more than six orders of magnitude in concentration. The highest biocide levels, measured in the mid parts-per-million range, were determined to occur in aquatic sediments and in municipal biosolids destined for land application. Crustacea and algae were identified as the most sensitive species, susceptible to adverse effects from biocide exposures in the parts-per-trillion range. An overlap of environmental concentrations and toxicity threshold values was noted for these more sensitive organisms, suggesting potential adverse ecological effects in aquatic environments. Affirmative evidence for this is lacking, however, since studies examining environmental occurrences of biocides vis-à-vis the health and diversity of aquatic species have not yet been conducted.

中文翻译：

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水生和陆生生物群对三氯生和三氯卡班的环境暴露。

合成杀生物剂三氯生（5-氯-2-（2,4-二氯苯氧基）苯酚）和三氯卡班（3,4,4'-三氯卡苯胺）经常添加到各种抗菌个人护理产品和消费品中。这两种化合物都可以在环境中持久存在并对许多生物受体表现出毒性。最近关于野生动物、人类细胞培养物和实验室动物毒理学效应的报告提高了对这些杀生物剂和相关毒性效应发生的兴趣。本研究旨在总结公布的杀菌剂环境浓度，并将其与敏感生物的毒性阈值进行对比。环境事件和毒性阈值的浓度跨度超过六个数量级。最高的杀菌剂水平，在百万分之几的范围内测量，被确定存在于水生沉积物和用于土地应用的城市生物固体中。甲壳类和藻类被确定为最敏感的物种，容易受到万亿分之一范围内的杀菌剂暴露的不利影响。注意到这些更敏感的生物体的环境浓度和毒性阈值重叠，这表明对水生环境有潜在的不利生态影响。然而，这方面缺乏肯定的证据，因为尚未进行研究生物杀灭剂的环境发生与水生物种的健康和多样性之间的关系。甲壳类和藻类被确定为最敏感的物种，容易受到万亿分之一范围内的杀菌剂暴露的不利影响。注意到这些更敏感的生物体的环境浓度和毒性阈值重叠，这表明对水生环境有潜在的不利生态影响。然而，这方面缺乏肯定的证据，因为尚未进行研究生物杀灭剂的环境发生与水生物种的健康和多样性之间的关系。甲壳类和藻类被确定为最敏感的物种，容易受到万亿分之一范围内的杀菌剂暴露的不利影响。注意到这些更敏感的生物体的环境浓度和毒性阈值重叠，这表明对水生环境有潜在的不利生态影响。然而，这方面缺乏肯定的证据，因为尚未进行研究生物杀灭剂的环境发生与水生物种的健康和多样性之间的关系。